M. E. Rinker, Sr.
Name: Hinze, Jimmie, Holland
Professor
Director, The Center for Construction Safety and
Loss Control
Educational Background/Degree:
A.A.,
B.S. Arch. E.,
M.S. Arch. E.,
Ph.D.,
Jobs/Assignments
Interim Associate Dean and Professor,
Director and Professor, M. E. Rinker, Sr.
Visiting Lecturer,
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Adjunct Prof., Dept. of Building Construction,
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering,
Visiting Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engrg,
Faculty member, Department of Civil Engineering,
Employee Training and Development, Clearwater
Constructors, Inc.,
Project Engineer, Clearwater
Constructors, Inc.,
Visiting Lecturer,
Field
Supervisor and Field Engineer, Clearwater Constructors, Inc.,
Project Engineer, Homer J. Olsen, Inc.
Assistant Project Engineer, Homer J. Olsen, Inc.,
Research
Civil Engineer, Nat’l Bureau of Standards,
Assistant
Construction Manager, Jagger Construction Company,
Assistant Welder, Atkinson Steel Company,
Glass and Glazing Assistant, Speight's Glass and
Glazing Company,
Carpenter's Helper, Pedernales Construction Company,
Drawing Checker, Anken Construction Company,
Planner
and Estimator, P. G. Bell Construction Company,
ASCE Social and Environmental Concerns in
Construction Committee
ASCE Construction Division
Publications Committee
Awards/Honors
Phi Theta Kappa (community college honorary)
Chi Epsilon (civil engineering honorary)
Tau Beta Pi (engineering honorary)
Phi Kappa Phi (general honorary)
James Stephen Hogg Society (leadership honorary)
Outstanding Young Men of
Lexington Who’s Who
The Elite Who’s Who Among American Builders
Contractors & Designers
Strathmore’s Who’s Who
2002
Honored Member -
2001-2002 ASSE/NIOSH Cash Award Competition (with
Xinyu Huang)
2003 Construction Industry Institute “Outstanding
Researcher of the Year”
Peurifoy Award, ASCE, November 2003
Hinze, Jimmie W., "The Effect of Middle
Management on Safety in the Construction Industry,"
Hinze, Jimmie W., "Investigation of Monomer
Systems, Methods of Application and Curing for Polymer-Impregnated Concrete
Surface Treatments,"
Books and Chapters of Books
Hinze, Jimmie, Construction Planning and Scheduling, Second Edition, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2004.
Hinze, Jimmie (Editor), (2003), International Electronic Journal of
Construction, (Special Issue: Construction Safety Education and Training: A
Global Perspective, M.E. Rinker,
Fang D., Huang X., and
Hinze, J.. Construction Safety Management in
Hinze, Jimmie, Construction Contracts, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
Coble, R., Hinze, J., Haupt,
T., (Editors), Construction Safety
& Health Management,
Prentice-Hall,
Coble, R., Haupt, T., Hinze,
J., (Editors), The Management of
Construction Safety and Health, A. A.
Balkema,
Hinze, Jimmie, Construction Planning and Scheduling, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1998.
Hinze, Jimmie, Construction Safety, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1997.
Hinze, Jimmie, Construction Contracts, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
Peer-Refereed Professional Journals
Hinze, J. (2005) “Making
Safety an Ongoing Part of the Construction Process Through Pre-task Planning,”
in International Electronic Journal of Construction, (Special Issue:
Construction Safety Best Practices, 11 pp, http://www.bcn.ufl.edu/iejc
Hinze, J., and J. N.
Devenport, . “Analysis of Construction Worker Injuries That Do Not Result in
Lost Time,” ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, (accepted
for publication).
Huang, X., and J. Hinze.
“The Owner’s Role in Construction Safety: A Guidance Model,” ASCE Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, (accepted for publication).
Huang, X., and J. Hinze.
“The Owner’s Role in Construction Safety,” ASCE Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management, (accepted for publication).
Gambatese, J., M. Behm, and J. Hinze. (2005)
“Viability of Designing for Construction Worker Safety,” ASCE Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management, (accepted for publication), September.
Hinze, J. (2005) “Practices
that Influence Safety Performance on Power Plant Outages,” ASCE Practice
Periodical on Structures and Construction, Vol. 10, No. 3, August.
Berg, R. and J. Hinze.
(2005) “Theft and Vandalism on Construction Sites,” ASCE Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 131, No. 7, July 1.
Hinze, J, (2005) “Use of
Trench Boxes for Worker Protection,” Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management, ASCE, Vol. 131, No. 4, April 1.
Hinze , J., X. Huang and L.
Terry. (2005) “The Nature of Struck-by Accidents,” Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 131, No. 2, February 1.
Hinze, J, “Successful Safety
Techniques for Large Construction Projects,” ASCE Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management, (submitted for publication).
Fang, D., X. Huang and J.
Hinze, (2004) “Benchmarking Studies on Construction Safety Management in
Abraham, D., J. McGlothlin, D. Halpin, and J. Hinze, (2004), Construction Safety Alliance (CSA) Examining Causes of Construction Injuries and Defining Best Practices That Improve Safety Performance,” Construction Information Quarterly, Chartered Institute of Building, Vol. 6, No. 1.
Huang, X., and J. Hinze.
“Analysis of Construction Worker Fall Accidents,” Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management, ASCE, June, 2003.
Hinze, J. and J. Gambatese,
“Factors That Influence The Safety Performance of Specialty Contractors,” Journal
of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, April, 2003.
Hinze, J and R. Godfrey. “An
Evaluation of Safety Performance Measures for Construction Projects,” Special
Issue 1 in Construction Health & Safety, Journal of Construction Research,
Vol. 4, No. 1, March, 2003.
Hinze, J, “Safety
Incentives: Do They Reduce Injuries?” ASCE Practice Periodical on Structures
and Construction, Vol. 7, No. 2, May 2002.
Hinze, J. and G. Wilson,
“Moving Toward a Zero Injury Objective,” Journal of Construction Engineering
and Management, ASCE, Vol. 126, No. 5, September/October 2000.
Gambatese, J. and J. Hinze,
“Computer Software for Construction Practice and Education,” AIC, The American
Professional Constructor, Vol. 24, No. 1, June 2000.
Gambatese, J.A. and Hinze,
J.W. (2000). “Computer-Assisted Safety
Training to Evaluate Construction Site Hazards.” International Journal of Computer-Integrated
Design and Construction (CIDAC), SETO,
Hall, G. and J. Hinze,
“Preserving Historic and Archeological Materials Found During Construction,”
CRM Magazine, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2000.
Gambatese, J.A. and Hinze,
J.W. (1999). “Addressing Construction
Worker Safety in the Design Phase: Designing for Construction Worker
Safety.” Automation in Construction,
Elsevier Science B.V.,
Coble, R., J. Hinze, M.
McDermott, and B. Elliott, “Colleges’ Emphasis on Construction Safety,” AIC,
The American Professional Constructor, Vol. 22, No. 2, December 1998.
Uhlik, F., and J. Hinze,
“Trends in the Construction Needs of Hospital Facilities,” Journal of
Architectural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 4, No. 4, December 1998.
Hinze, J., C. Pedersen, and
J. Fredley, “Identifying Root Causes of Construction Injuries,” Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 124, No. 1,
January/February 1998.
Hinze, Jimmie and T.
McClelland, “Risk Assessment in Underground Construction: Uncertainty is
Certain”, No-Dig Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, May/June 1997.
Gambatese, J., J. Hinze, and
C. Haas, “Tool to Design for Construction Worker Safety,” Journal of
Architectural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 3, No. 1, March 1997, pp 32-41.
Hinze, Jimmie, and David
Bren, "Analysis of Fatalities and Injuries Due to Powerline
Contacts," Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE. Vol.
122, No. 2, June 1996.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Andrew
Nelson, "Enhancing the Performance of Soundless Chemical Demotion
Agents," Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE. Vol.
122, No. 2, June 1996.
Hinze, Jimmie and Katherine
Bren, “Identifying OSHA Paragraphs of Particular Interest,” Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE. Vol. 122, No. 1, March 1996.
Hinze, Jimmie, Nancy Piepho,
and David Bren, "Workers' Compensation Experience Modification Rates: AS
Measure of Safety Performance?" Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management, ASCE. Vol. 121, No. 4, December 1995.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Andrew
Tracey, Closure: "The Contractor-Subcontractor Relationship: The
Subcontractor's View," Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,
ASCE, Vol. 121, No. 3, September 1995.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Debra
Russell, "Analysis of Fatalities Recorded by OSHA," Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE. Vol. 121, No. 2, June 1995
Hinze, Jimmie, and James
Brown, "Properties of Soundless Chemical Demotion Agents," Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE. Vol. 120, No. 4, December 1994
Hinze, Jimmie, and Andrew
Tracey, "The Contractor-Subcontractor Relationship: The Subcontractor's
View," Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 120,
No. 2, June 1994.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Jennifer
Tada, "General Conditions Provisions Critical to Construction Contracts,
Part 2," Power Engineering, Vol. 97, No. 2, February 1993.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Jennifer
Tada, "General Conditions Provisions Critical to Construction
Contracts," Power Engineering, Vol. 97, No. 1, January 1993.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Francis
Wiegand, "Role of Designers in Construction Worker Safety," Journal
of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 118, No. 4, December
1992.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Anne
Kusaka, "Discussion: Safety Programs and the Construction Manager,"
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 118, No. 3,
September 1992.
Hinze, Jimmie, Greg
Selstead, and Joe Mahoney, "Cost Overruns on State of
Hinze, Jimmie, and Lisa
Appellate, "Costs of Construction Injuries," Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 3, September 1991.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Theresa
Antal, "Construction Contract Provisions for Preservation of
Artifacts," Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol.
117, No. 1, March 1991.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Bryce
Coleman, "Time Provisions in
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Providers Forecast 5-Year Construction Spending," Journal of the
Healthcare Financial Management Association, Vol. 44, No. 5, May 1990.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Dana
Carlisle, "Variables Affected by Nighttime Construction Projects,"
Transportation Research Board, 1282, National Research Council,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Closure: Safety on Large Building Construction Projects," Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 115, No. 4, December 1989.
Schram, Charles M., and
Jimmie Hinze, "Fracturing of Rock Using Expansive Soundless Chemical
Demolition Agents," ASCE Foundation Engineering Congress,
Hinze, Jimmie, and James
Couey, "Weather in Construction Contracts," Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 115, No. 2, June 1989.
Hinze, Jimmie, Jimmy
Hirakawa, and Neal Benjamin, "Comparison of Labor Agreements,"
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 115, No. 1,
March 1989.
Hinze, Jimmie, and James
Couey, "Time and Weather Provisions in Construction Contracts of State
Highway Agencies," Transportation Research Record 1234, National Research
Council,
Hinze, Jimmie, and Connie
Madden, "More Women Join CEC Work Force," Navy Civil Engineer, Vol.
XXVIII, No. 2, Fall 1988.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Richard
Plautz, "Positive Effects of Training, Experience, and Feedback,"
Journal of Management in Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 4, No. 4, October 1988.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Robert
Parker, "Productivity Study on Extruded Concrete Curbing Operations,"
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 114, No. 2, June
1988.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Paul
Raboud, "Safety on Large Building Construction Projects," Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 114, No. 2, June 1988.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Qualities of Safe Superintendents," Journal of Construction
Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 113, No. 1, March 1987.
Hinze, Jimmie, TASK
Committee on Productivity, "Role of ASCE in CICE
Implementation-Recommendations," Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management, ASCE, Vol. 112, No. 3, September 1986.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Maxine
Hinze, "Problems Associated with Removal of Asbestos," Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 112, No. 2, June 1986.
Hinze, Jimmie, Maxwell Ugwu,
Larry Hubbard, "Absenteeism in Construction Industry," Journal of
Management in Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 1, No. 4, October 1985.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Jair
Roxo, "Is Injury Occurrence Related to Lunar Cycles?" Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 110, No. 4, December 1984.
Borcherding John, and Jimmie
Hinze, "Construction Labor Motivation, A Construction Industry Cost
Effectiveness Project Report," Report A - 2, The Business Roundtable, New
York, New York, August 1982.
Hinze, Jimmie, and K.
Kuechenmeister, "Productive Foremen Characteristics," Journal of the
Construction Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. CO4, December 1981.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Charles
Harrison, "Safety Programs in Large Construction Firms," Journal of
the Construction Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. CO3, Proc. Paper 16509,
September 1981.
Hinze, Jimmie, and W.
Bradford Ashton, "Financial Management Practices in Utility Construction
Firms," Journal of the Construction Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. CO3,
Proc. Paper 16499, September 1981.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Waleed
Abdul-Baki, "Insurance Practices of Utility Contractors," Journal of
the Construction Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. CO3, Proc. Paper 16498,
September 1981.
Hinze, Jimmie, "Human
Aspects of Construction Safety," Journal of the Construction Division,
ASCE, Vol. 107, No. CO1, Proc. Paper 16088, March 1981.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Biorhythm Cycles and Injury Occurrences," Journal of the Construction
Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. CO1, Proc. Paper 16085, March 1981.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Closure: Turnover, New Workers, and Safety," Journal of the
Construction Division, ASCE, Vol. 106, No. CO3, September 1980.
Hinze, J. and
Hinze, Jimmie, and Francine
Gordon, "Supervisor-Worker Relationship Affects Injury Rate," Journal
of the Construction Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. CO3, Proc. Paper 14848,
September 1979, pp. 253-262.
Hinze, Jimmie, and W.
Bradford Ashton, "Current Equipment
Policies of Utility Contractors," Journal of the Construction Division,
ASCE, Vol. 105, No. CO3, Proc. Paper 14816, September 1979, pp. 225-237.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Turnover, New Workers and Safety," Journal of the Construction
Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. CO4, Proc. Paper 14209, December 1978, pp.
409-417.
Hinze, Jimmie W. and John
Pannullo, "Safety: Function of Job Control," Journal of the
Construction Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. CO2, Proc. Paper, June 1978, pp.
241-249.
Hinze, Jimmie W. and Henry
Parker, "Safety: Productivity and Job Pressures, "Journal of the
Construction Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. CO1, Proc. Paper 13593, March 1978,
pp. 27-34.
Invited
Keynote Addresses
Jimmie Hinze (2005)
“Construction Safety in the 21st Century” Third International
Conference on Construction in the 21st Century, Advancing
Engineering, Management and Technology, Athens, Greece, September 15-17.
Jimmie Hinze,
(2005) “A Paradigm Shift: Leading To Safety” 4th Triennial International Conference, Rethinking
and Revitalizing Construction Safety, Health, Environment and Quality.
Hinze, Jimmie, “Safety
Practices of Successful Firms,” Second International Conference of CIB Working
Commission W99, Implementation of Safety and Health on Construction Sites,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Risk in
Construction Contract Provisions” The 4th Annual Trenchless Technology
Conference: Risk Assessment in Trenchless Technology for Sewer, Gas and Water
Applications, February 4, 1997,
Hinze, Jimmie “A United
Front for Construction Safety”, Proceedings of the First International
Conference of CIB W99, Implementation of Safety and Health on Construction
Sites,
Jimmie Hinze (2005) “Noise
Generated by Construction Power Tools” Third International Conference on
Construction in the 21st Century, Advancing Engineering, Management
and Technology, Athens, Greece, September 15-17.
Jimmie Hinze, J. Nelson, and
R. Evans (2005) “Software Integration of Safety in Construction Schedules” 4th Triennial
International Conference, Rethinking and Revitalizing Construction Safety,
Health, Environment and Quality.
Jimmie Hinze, (2005)
“Concealing the Occurrence of Construction Injuries” 4th Triennial
International Conference, Rethinking and Revitalizing Construction Safety,
Health, Environment and Quality.
Gambatese, J., M. Behm, and
J. Hinze, “Design for Safety”
Conference,
Huang, Xinyu, and J. Hinze
“Analysis of Construction Caught-in-or-between Accidents” 3rd International
Postgraduate Research Conference In The Built And Human Environment,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Improving
Safety Performance on Large Construction Sites” CIB W-99 International Conference
in
Gambatese, J., M. Behm and
J. Hinze, “Engineering Mandates Stipulated in OSHA Regulations,” ASCE
Construction Congress VI,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Analysis of
Trench Shield Injury Accidents” CIB W-65 Symposium on Organization and
Management of Construction,
Hinze, J., X. Huang, and J.
McGlothlin, “Analysis of Construction Worker Fall Accidents” CIB W-65 Symposium
on Organization and Management of Construction, Cincinnati, Ohio, September
2002.
Hinze, Jimmie, “Designing
for Deconstruction Safety,”
Hinze, Jimmie, “Achieving
Safety Excellence in Large Construction Firms,” Annual Conference of the
Canadian Society of Civil Engineers,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Designing
for Life Cycle Safety” Designing for Safety – An International Conference,
Hinze, Jimmie, “The Need for
Academia to Address Construction Site Safety Through Design,” ASCE Construction
Congress VI,
Badger, William, et. al.,
“NSF/CII Construction Research Workshop Results,” ASCE Construction Congress
VI,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Construction
Safety Education in the
Hinze, Jimmie, and Steve
Baseden, “The Changing Nature of Confined Spaces,” Proceeding of the Second
International Conference of CIB Working Commission W99, Implementation of
Safety and Health on Construction Sites, Honolulu, Hawaii, March 24-27, 1999.
Hinze, Jimmie, Richard
Coble, and Brent Elliott, “Integrating Construction Worker Protection into
Project Design,” Proceeding of the Second International Conference of CIB
Working Commission W99, Implementation of Safety and Health on Construction
Sites, Honolulu, Hawaii, March 24-27, 1999.
Coble, Richard, Jimmie
Hinze, Michael McDermott, and Brent Elliott, “College’s Emphasis on
Construction Safety,” Proceeding of the Second International Conference of CIB
Working Commission W99, Implementation of Safety and Health on Construction
Sites, Honolulu, Hawaii, March 24-27, 1999.
Hinze, Jimmie; Coble,
Richard J.; and Elliott, Brent R.; “CPM Scheduling as a Tool for Construction
Safety Planning,” International Council for Building Research Studies and
Documentation (CIB), Proceedings of 2nd South African Construction Health and
Safety Conference: Health and Safety in Construction: Accident Free
Construction, Capetown, South Africa, November, 1998, pp. 76-81.
Hinze, Jimmie, “Addressing
Construction Safety In The Design Phase,” Proceedings of Safety Symposium,
Implementation of Safety and Health on Construction Sites,
Hinze, Jimmie and Kenneth
Walsh, “Shoring as a Bid Item”, ASCE Construction Congress V,
Hinze, Jimmie and Katherine
Bren, “The Causes of Trenching Related Fatalities and Injuries”, ASCE
Construction Congress V,
Hinze, Jimmie, “The
Engineer’s Design Decisions and Construction Site Safety”, National Society of Professional
Engineers, 3rd Annual Professional Edge Conference,
Hinze, J.W. and Gambatese,
J.A. (1996). “Design Decisions that
Impact Construction Worker Safety.”
Construction Safety & Health On-Site, C.I.B. Working Commission 99,
Pub. 187, pp. 189-202.
Gambatese, J.A. and Hinze,
J.W. (1997). “A Guide for Safety
Inspections.” Implementation of Safety
and Health on Construction Sites, C.I.B. Working Commission 99, Pub. 209, pp.
42-52.
Hinze, Jimmie, “The Construction
Safety Record Since 1971,” 1996 Annual Convention, ASCE.
Hinze, J. “Safety
Constructability”, 1996 AIC Forum, Emerging Role of the Professional
Constructor, April 10-14, 1996,
Coble, Richard and J. Hinze,
“Contracts,” ASCE,
Gambatese, J. and J. Hinze,
“Addressing Construction Worker Safety in Design Phase”, The Organization and
Management of Construction Shaping Theory and Practice; Proceedings, Volume
Two, Managing the Construction Project and Managing Risk, Glasgow, Scotland,
1996.
Gambatese, J. and J. Hinze,
“A Guide for Safety Inspections”, Proceedings of the First International
Conference of CIB W99, Implementation of Safety and Health on Construction
Sites, 1996.
Hinze, Jimmie “The
Distractions Theory of Accident Causation”, Proceedings of the First
International Conference of CIB W99, Implementation of Safety and Health on
Construction Sites, 1996.
Hinze, Jimmie and J.
Gambatese, “Using Injury Statistics to Develop Accident Prevention Programs”,
Proceedings of the First International Conference of CIB W99, Implementation of
Safety and Health on Construction Sites, 1996.
Hinze, Jimmie “Revised
Coding System for Construction Fatalities and Injuries”, Proceedings of the
First International Conference of CIB W99, Implementation of Safety and Health
on Construction Sites,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Analysis of
OSHRC Decisions on OSHA Violations” ASCE Construction Congress Proceedings of
the 1995 Conference, ASCE, San Diego, CA, October 22-26, 1995. (presented for Dennis Chojecki and Satish
Mohan, Room 94.)
Hinze, Jimmie, “How Owners
Can Identify and Employ Safe Contractors,” ASCE Construction Congress,
Proceedings of the 1995 Conference, ASCE,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Who Do ASCE
Members Work For?” ASCE Construction Congress, Proceedings of the 1995
Conference, ASCE,
Hinze, Jimmie and Garrett
Young, “Scheduling Provisions in Standard Specifications of State Highway
Agencies,” Transportation Research Board 74th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.
C., January 22-28, 1995.
Hinze, Jimmie and Robert
Blegan, “Construction Safety Provisions in State Highway Agency Contracts”,
Transportation Research Board 74th Annual Meeting,
Gambatese, J., P. Goodrum,
C. Haas, and J. Hinze, “Multimedia Design for Safety Tool for Road Construction,”
Transportation Research Board 74th Annual Meeting, Washington, D. C., January
22-28, 1995.
Hinze, Jimmie,
“Quantification of the Indirect Costs of Injuries,” Fifth Annual Rinker
International Conference Focusing on Construction Safety and Loss Control,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, October 13, 1994.
Hinze, Jimmie, “Project
Coordination in Construction Safety,” Fifth Annual Rinker International
Conference Focusing on Construction Safety and Loss Control, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida, October 13, 1994.
Hinze, Jimmie and John
Gambatese, “Design Decisions that Impact Worker Safety,” Fifth Annual Rinker
International Conference Focusing on Construction Safety and Loss Control,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, October 13, 1994.
Hinze, Jimmie, “Safety
Provisions in Construction Contracts,” 1994 Annual Convention and Exposition,
ASCE,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Indirect
Costs: It is Real Money,” Partners in Construction Cooperation Conference on
the Cost Effectiveness of Safety,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Training
Requirements for Asbestos Workers and Supervisors,” ASCE Spring Convention,
7-CO,
Benjamin, Neal B. H. and
Jimmie Hinze, “Work Sampling Studies: Do
They Yield Valid Results?” CIB W-65 Symposium on Organization and Management of
Construction,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Absenteeism
and Management,” First Annual
Engineering Management Conference,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Safety and
the Construction Process,” Moderator, ASCE Specialty Conference on Construction
Equipment and Techniques for the Eighties, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
Indiana, March 30, 1982.
Hinze, Jimmie and Timothy
Burns, “Job Factors that Influence Construction Worker Productivity,”
Proceedings of International Conference on Construction Project Modeling and
Productivity,
Hinze, Jimmie and Tom Marciniec,
“Variations Observed in Cast-in-Place Concrete Construction,” Building
Economics and Construction Management, CIB 90,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Training
Requirements for Asbestos Workers and Supervisors,” ASCE Spring Convention,
Session 7-CO,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Current
Issues in Asbestos Removal,” Proceedings Editor, ASCE Spring Convention,
Reed, D. A. and Jimmie
Hinze, “A Study of Construction Safety in
Kimel, William R., Melford
E. Monsees, and Jimmie Hinze, “Are Today’s Civil Engineering Graduates
Qualified?” ASCE Conference on Civil Engineering Education, ASCE, Vol. 1, 1979.
Lentz, Thomas and Jimmie
Hinze, "Surveys of Occupational Safety and Health Priorities in Selected
Small and Large Construction Firms," 6th World Conference on Injury
Prevention and Control,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Designing
for Life Cycle Safety” Design for Safety Conference,
Hinze, Jimmie. 25 Years of ASCE Publications on Construction
Safety. 1996 Annual Convention, ASCE,
Recent Research
Reports
Owner’s Role in Construction
Safety, Construction Industry Institute, 2003.
Making Zero Accidents a
Reality on Shutdown Projects, Construction Industry Institute, 2002.
Making Zero Accidents a
Reality, Construction Industry Institute, March 2002.
Characterizing Safety in
Large Construction Firms, NIOSH, 2000.
Characterizing Safety in
Small Construction Firms, NIOSH, 2000.
Hinze, Jimmie, “Breaking
Rocks & Concrete Without Explosives” Demolition, Vol. 26, No. 3, May/June
1998.
Gambatese, John and Jimmie
Hinze, “A Designer’s Influence On Construction Worker Safety,” Construction
Safety News, Vol. 8, No. 3, Fall 1997.
Hinze, Jimmie, “Who do ASCE
Member Work For?” ASCE, Practice Periodical on Structural Design and
Construction, Vol. 1, No. 3, August 1996.
Hinze, Jimmie, “Are you
Really in Control of Jobsite Safety?”, The American Institute of Constructors
Newsletter, Vol. XXV, Number 3, June/July 1996.
Hinze, Jimmie and Steve
Comer, “Contractually Assuring the Preservation of Paleontological Finds
Discovered During Construction Operations”,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Metrication," Pacific Builder and Engineer, Vol. 41, No. 5, May
1993.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Charting Your Way Through Changing Projects," The National Utility
Contractor, Vol. 17, No. 6, June 1993.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Managing Changes in Construction Work," The National Utility
Contractor, Vol. 17, No. 5, May 1993.
Hinze, Jimmie, " Owners
Seek Safer Builders," Pacific Builder and Engineer, Vol. 40, No. 8, August
1992.
Hinze, Jimmie, "The
High Cost of Construction Injuries," Concrete Construction, April 1992.
Hinze, Jimmie, "All
Contracts Are Not the Same," The National Utility Contractor, Vol. 15, No.
9, September 1991.
Hinze, Jimmie, "The
Painful Cost of Construction Injuries," Builder and Contractor, Vol. 39,
No. 4, April 1991.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Construction at the Top," Builder and Contractor, Vol. 39, No. 2,
February 1991.
Hinze, Jimmie, "A New
Study of Construction Injury Costs," EXCEL, A Quarterly Newsletter, Center
for Excellence in Construction Safety, Vol. 4, No. 1, Fall, 1990.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Bruce
Dammeier, "Litigation Proliferation:
Survey Finds Causes," Pacific Builder and Engineer, Vol. 96, No.
15, August 6, 1990.
Hinze, Jimmie, "The
Full Implications of Injuries," The National Utility Contractor, Vol. 14,
No. 6, June 1990.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Addressing the Unique Needs of Newly Hired Workers," EXCEL, A
Quarterly Newsletter, Center for Excellence in Construction Safety, Vol. 3, No.
3, May 1990.
Hinze, Jimmie, "Digging
in Someone Else's Backyard?" The National Utility Contractor, Vol. 14, No.
2, February 1990.
Hinze, Jimmie, "Up and
Running: ABC Study Confirms Health Care
Construction Market's Soaring," Builder and Contractor, Vol. 38, No. 1,
January 1990.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Theresa
Antal, "Protecting Historical
Artifacts at Construction Sites," Public Works, Vol. 120, No. 11, October
1989.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Scott
Brewer, "Contractor Legal Experiences," The National Utility
Contractor, Vol. 13, No. 9, September 1989.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Scott
Brewer, "Legal Experiences of Utility Contractors," The National
Utility Contractor, Vol. 13, No. 8, August 1989.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Patrick
Lyneis, "The Liability Crisis," The National Utility Contractor, Vol.
12, No. 8, August 1988.
Hinze, Jimmie, "Safety
Payoff," Pacific Builder and Engineer, Vol. 93, No. 9, May 9, 1988.
Hinze, Jimmie, "How
Does Your Equipment Maintenance Program Compare?" The National Utility
Contractor, Vol. 12, No. 3, March 1988.
Hinze, Jimmie, and David
Maxwell, "Company Growth and Safety Performance," Pacific Builder and
Engineer, Vol. 93, No. 10, May 18, 1987.
Hinze, Jimmie, "Your
Firm Needs a Substance-Abuse Policy," Pacific Builder and Engineer, Vol.
92, No. 23, December 8, 1986.
Hinze, Jimmie, "Foremen
and Productivity," Pacific Builder and Engineer, Vol. 92, No. 20, October
20, 1986.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Matthew
Mlekush, "The Surety/Contractor Relationship," Pacific Builder and
Engineer, Vol. 92, No. 16, August 18, 1986.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Asbestos and Contractor Liability," Pacific Builder and Engineer,
Vol. 92, No. 10, May 19, 1986.
Hinze, Jimmie, "The
Safe Removal of Asbestos," Pacific Builder and Engineer, Vol. 91, No. 17,
September 9, 1985.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Material Supplier/Equipment Dealer Practices in the Underground
Construction Industry," The National Utility Contractor, Vol. 7, No. 10,
October 1983.
Hinze, Jimmie, "The
Legal Side of Utility Contractors," The National Utility Contractor, Vol.
5, No. 12, December 1981.
Hinze, Jimmie, "Banks,
Bonds and Money, Part 2," The National Utility Contractor, Vol. 4, No. 11,
November 1980.
Hinze, Jimmie, "Banks,
Bonds and Money," The National Utility Contractor, Vol. 4, No. 10, October
1980.
Hinze, Jimmie, "Current
Trenching Practices," The National Utility Contractor, Vol. 4, No. 8,
August 1980.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Construction Education - Now and Possibly in the Future," The
National Utility Contractor, Vol. 3, No. 11, November 1979.
Hinze, Jimmie, "What to
Do for Insurance Coverage," The National Utility Contractor, Vol. 3, No.
10, October 1979.
Hinze, Jimmie, "The
Case for the Double Declining Balance," The National Utility Contractor,
Vol. 3, No. 4, April 1979.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Effective Safety Meetings," The National Utility Contractor, Vol. 2,
No. 8, August 1978.
Hinze, Jimmie W.,
"Company Concern and Safety Go Together," The National Utility
Contractor, Vol. 2, No. 8, August 1978.
Hinze, Jimmie W.,
"Analyzing Contractor Equipment Policies," The National Utility
Contractor, Vol. 2, No. 7, July 1978.
Hinze, Jimmie W.,
"Worker Turnover and Job Safety," The National Utility Contractor,
Vol. 2, No. 1, January 1978.
Hinze, Jimmie W.,
"Effective Job Control Improved Job Safety," The National Utility
Contractor, Vol. 1, No. 3, December 1977, pp. 23-25.
Hinze, Jimmie W., “How
Dollar Volume Changes a Company,” The
National Utility Contractor, Vol. 1, No. 2, November 1977, pp. 26-27.
Presentations/Professional Seminars
Hinze, Jimmie, “Construction
Education in the
Hinze, Jimmie, “Improving
Profits Through Safety,” Construction Safety Forum, Cargill Incorporated,
Bartow, FL., Oct. 7, 2004.
Hinze, Jimmie, “Safety as a
Core Company Value,” Construction Safety Forum, The Southern Company,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Practices
that Enhance Safety Performance on Large Projects,” Construction Institute Day,
Nashville 2003 Civil Engineering Conference & Exposition, Nashville, TN,
Nov. 14, 2003.
Hinze, Jimmie, “Trends in
Construction Safety,” Peurifoy Lecture, Nashville 2003 Civil Engineering
Conference & Exposition, ASCE, Nashville, TN, Nov. 14, 2003.
Gambatese, J., and Hinze,
J., "Engineer’s Role in Designing for Safety," Nashville 2003 Civil
Engineering Conference & Exposition, ASCE,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Effective
Practices to Achieve Zero Injuries on Projects” Midwest Construction Conference,
Construction Institute,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Contractor
Safety and the Effect on Safety Performance of Owner Involvement in Safety
Programs,” Florida Construction Users Roundtable, Inc.,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Findings
Gathered Through Construction Safety Research,” Fluor Corporation Safety
Management Meeting,
Nunez, R.,
Nunez, R.,
Hinze, J., J. Mathis, P. D.
Frey, G. Wilson, and G. Marconnet, “Making Zero Accidents a Reality,” ABC
Annual Convention,
Hinze, J., J. Mathis, P. D.
Frey, G. Wilson, M. Cobb and G. Marconnet, “Making Zero Accidents a Reality,”
CPI Conference,
Hinze, J., J. Mathis, P. D.
Frey, G. Wilson, P. DeForge, M. Cobb and G. Marconnet, “Making Zero Accidents a
Reality,” Annual Conference of the Construction Industry Institute,
Hinze, Jimmie, “The Pursuit
of Zero Injuries on Large Construction Projects,” Annual Safety Meeting of
Watkins Engineering and Construction,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Safety Best
Practices in the Construction Industry” Oregon Governor’s Conference on Safety
and Health,
Hinze, Jimmie, “Survey Shows
Commitment to Safety by Large Construction Firms Produces Results,” National
Occupational Injury Research Symposium (NOIRS), National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),
Hinze, Jimmie, “Integrating
Safety into the Project Schedule,” 13th Annual Professional Development
Conference, American Society of Safety Engineers Region VI, Invited Speaker,
Hinze, Jimmie, “What
Designers Can Do to Improve Construction Safety,” 1998 Annual Convention,
ASCE.
Hinze, Jimmie, “A Site
Safety Plan and Safety Education and Training,” 1998 Annual Convention,
ASCE.
Hinze, Jimmie, and John
Clay, “Profile of a Small Construction Firm,” 1998 Annual Convention,
ASCE.
Hinze, Jimmie, “Design for
Safety,” Meeting of the Greater
Hinze, Jimmie, “Death Traps:
Do They Still Exist?” Texas Safety Association’s 59th Annual Southwest
Conference & Exposition,”
Hinze, Jimmie and Gary
Wilson, “CII Zero Accident Study Validation” Texas Safety Association’s 59th
Annual Southwest Conference & Exposition,”
Hinze, Jimmie, “Safety
Programs: Their Effect on a Construction Company’s Profitability”, Associated
Builders and Contractors, Inc. General Membership Meeting, March 13, 1997,
Tampa, FL.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Analysis of OSHRC Decisions on OSHA Violations" ASCE Construction
Congress, Proceedings of the 1995 Conference, ASCE, San Diego, Calif., Oct. 22‑26,
1995. (Presented for Dennis Chojecki and Satish Mohan).
Hinze, Jimmie, "How
Owners Can Identify and Employ Safe Contractors," ASCE Construction
Congress, Proceedings of the 1995 Conference, ASCE, San Diego, Calif., Oct. 22‑26,
1995.
Hinze, Jimmie, "Who Do
ASCE Members Work For?" ASCE Construction Congress, Proceedings of the
1995 Conference, ASCE,
Gambatese, J., Goodrum, P.,
Haas, C, and Hinze, J., "Multimedia Design for Safety Tool for Road
Construction," Transportation Research Board 74th Annual Meeting,
Washington, D. C., January 22‑28, 1995.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Young,
Garrett, "Scheduling Provisions in Standard Specifications of State
Highway Agencies," Transportation Research Board 74th Annual Meeting,
Washington, D. C., January 22‑28, 1995.
Hinze, Jimmie, and Blegan,
Robert, "Construction Safety Provisions in State Highway Agency Contracts,"
Transportation Research Board 74th Annual Meeting, Washington, D. C., January
22‑28, 1995.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Designing for Safety," Recent Developments in Construction Site
Safety: Impacts on Owners, Contractors, Construction Managers, and Design Professionals,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Quantification of the Indirect Costs of Injuries," Fifth Annual
Rinker International Conference Focusing on Construction Safety and Loss
Control, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, October 14, 1994.
Hinze, Jimmie, "Project
Coordination in Construction Safety," Fifth Annual Rinker International
Conference Focusing on Construction Safety and Loss Control, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida, October 13, 1994.
Hinze, Jimmie, and John
Gambatese, "Design Decisions That Impact Worker Safety," Fifth Annual
Rinker International Conference Focusing on Construction Safety and Loss
Control, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, October 13, 1994.
Hinze, Jimmie, "Safety
Provisions in Construction Contracts," 1994 Annual Convention and
Exposition, ASCE,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Transportation in
Hinze, Jimmie, "Facing
the Future: Metrication, Problem or
Opportunity," National Convention of the Associated Builders and
Contractors,
Hinze, Jimmie, "Key
Elements of an Effective Safety Program," (two presentations), National
Convention of the Associated Builders and Contractors,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Construction Dispute Avoidance," Construction Management Association
of
Hinze, Jimmie, "Impact
of Technology on Construction Engineering Education," Northwest
Construction Consumer Council,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Managing for Safety," New Zealand Department of Labour,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Construction Safety or In Search of a Cause," Civil Engineering
Seminar,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Soundless, Chemical, Demolition Agents," Civil Engineering Seminar,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Construction Safety," Exxon Chemical Project Management Seminar,
Hinze, Jimmie, "The
True Costs of Injuries," Construction Industry Institute Annual
Conference,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Research Projects Undertaken at the
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Marketing to the Fortune 1000," 41st Annual Convention of the
Associated Builders and Contractors,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Indirect Costs: It Is Real Money," Partners in Construction
Cooperation Conference On the Cost Effectiveness of Safety,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Indirect Costs Associated with Construction Injuries," National
Conference on Construction Safety and Health,
Hinze, Jimmie, "The
Construction Labor Shortage in the Construction Industry," Northwest
Construction Consumer Council,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Construction Engineering in the
Hinze, Jimmie, "CII
Safety Cost Survey," Northwest Construction Consumer Council,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Unresolved Issues in Asbestos Removal," Seminar for Weyerhaeuser
Project Managers,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Construction Project Management," American Association of Cost
Engineers,
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Construction Management in the
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Training Requirements for Asbestos Workers and Supervisors," ASCE
Spring Convention, 7‑CO,
Benjamin, Neal B.H., and
Jimmie Hinze, "Work Sampling Studies: Do They Yield Valid Results?"
CIB W‑65 Symposium on Organization and Management of Construction,
Reed, D.A., and Jimmie
Hinze, "A Study of Construction Safety in
Hinze, Jimmie, and Maxine
Hinze, "Problems with Asbestos Removal," one‑half hour
television presentation on "Missouri Forum,"
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Absenteeism and Management," First Annual Engineering Management
Conference,
Hinze, Jimmie, "Safety
and the Construction Process," Moderator, ASCE Specialty Conference on
Construction Equipment and Techniques for the Eighties, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, Indiana, March 30, 1982.
Hinze, Jimmie,
"Management of Construction Projects for Contractors," Professional
Development Services,
Hinze, Jimmie, "Plan to
Run a Safe Operation," January 18, 1980, at the 40th
Hinze, Jimmie, “Field Study
on Trenching Practices,” September 19, 1978, at an OSHA Trenching Safety
Workshop held in
Hinze, Jimmie W.,
“Supervisory Safety,” February 1978 at the Annual Safety Meeting of the
Columbia Paving Company,
Hinze, Jimmie W.,
Presentation of “Safe Practices in Shoring Trenches from Border to Border,”
February 16, 1977 at the 1977 Annual Meeting and Banquet of the Heavy
Construction Association of the Greater
Recent Grants and Contracts
Exploration of the Under-reporting of Construction Injuries (2004),Center to Protect Workers’ Rights, $18,886.
Target Safety (2004), Construction Industry Institute, $98,025
Trench Box Safety (2001),
Construction Safety
The Study of Falls (2001),
Construction Safety
The Role of Owners in Construction Safety (2001), Construction Safety Alliance, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, $160,000
Extending the Scope of "Making Zero Accidents a Reality" Focusing on Short-Term Work Activities (2000), Construction Industry Institute, $46,992.
Characterizing Safety in Large Firms (1999), NIOSH, $2,500
Characterizing Safety in Small Firms (1999), NIOSH, $2,500
Making Zero Accidents a Reality (1999), Construction Industry Institute, $104,188.
Other Activities
Director
of the Exchange Program Between the M. E. Rinker, Sr.
|
Applicant’s Role |
Student |
Research Topic |
Home Dept. |
Completion Date |
|
Doctoral |
|
|
|
|
|
Chair, Ph.D.
|
Xinyu Huang |
The Owner’s
Role in Construction Safety |
DCP |
2003 |
|
Co-chair |
Brent
Elliot |
Investigation
of the construction scheduling communication process : problems, foreman's
role, means of improvement, and use of information technology |
DCP |
2000 |
|
Chair,
Ph.D. |
Raymond
Godfrey |
|
DCP |
2007 |
|
Chair, Ph.D. |
Qu Tan |
|
DCP |
2006 |
|
Member, Ph.D. Committee |
Theodore Haupt |
The
Performance Approach to Construction Worker Safety and Health |
DCP |
2002 |
|
Member, Ph.D. Committee |
Wei Sun |
Using
GIS-Based Integrated Information System for Construction Project Information
Integration |
DCP |
2000 |
|
(External)
Ph.D |
Jose M.
Sanda |
Development
of Engineering and Implementation Measures to Improve the Safety of
Pedestrians and Bicyclists in Highway Construction Work Zones |
CCE |
2005 |
|
(External)
Ph.D. |
Juan Suarez |
|
CCE |
2003 |
|
(External)
Ph.D |
Ana Elias |
|
CCE |
1998 |
|
Masters |
|
|
|
|
|
Chair |
Samuel Scialabba |
Quantitative
Evaluation of OCIP Effectiveness |
BCN |
2006 |
|
Chair |
Michael
Humphries |
Injuries Associated with Specific Work Tasks |
BCN |
2006 |
|
Chair |
Jennifer
Escubar |
Nature of
Hispanic Workers |
BCN |
2006 |
|
Chair |
John Schrantz |
Day Labor
Agencies |
BCN |
2006 |
|
Chair |
Tray
Christian |
Scaffolding
Injury Analysis |
BCN |
2006 |
|
Chair |
Damien
Pizarro |
Implementing
Target Safety Programs |
BCN |
2006 |
|
Chair |
Robert Berg |
Jobsite
Security on Commercial Construction Projects |
BCN |
2003 |
|
Chair |
Josh Dixon |
Efficient
and Safe Use of Equipment |
BCN |
2005 |
|
Chair |
Austin
Pella |
Effectiveness
of OCIPs |
BCN |
2005 |
|
Chair |
Mike
Madariaga |
Targeted
Safety Programs |
BCN |
2005 |
|
Chair |
Brent
Anderson |
The Effects
of Mold on the Practices of |
BCN |
2003 |
|
Chair |
Francisco
Montealegre |
Jobsite
Security in Residential Construction |
BCN |
2003 |
|
Chair |
Casey Lewis |
|
BCN |
2003 |
|
Chair |
Marcelo
Marin |
Training
Hispanic Construction Workers in |
BCN |
2003 |
|
Chair |
Kelle
Feronti |
Safety in
Small Construction Firms |
BCN |
2005 |
|
Chair |
Michael
Sturgis |
Safety
Guidelines for the Deconstruction of a Single Family House |
BCN |
2002 |
|
Chair |
Sherif
Mansour |
Safety
& Prodictivity: The Hard Equation |
BCN |
2002 |
|
Chair |
Raymond
Godfrey |
Safety
Practices on Shutdown Projects |
BCN |
2002 |
|
Chair |
Patrick
Madigan |
Residential
Construction Safety |
BCN |
2001 |
|
Chair |
William
Glenn |
Safety in
Residential Construction |
BCN |
2000 |
|
Chair |
Mohamed
Said |
Best Safety
Practices in the |
BCN |
2000 |
|
Chair |
Indrid Agaj |
Safety in
Large Construction Projects |
BCN |
2000 |
|
Chair |
Lani Terry |
Causation Factors of Construction Struck By Accidents |
BCN |
1998 |
|
Chair |
Akitoshi
Hatahira |
Construction Curriculum can be Enhanced to Address
Design-Build |
BCN |
1999 |
|
Member |
Mahendra
Bhatt |
Management of Construction Delay Claims |
BCN |
1997 |
|
Member |
John Clark |
Facility Manager’s Guide for Air Force Clinical
Engineers |
BCN |
1998 |
|
Member |
David
Emmons |
Their Relation to the Construction Industry |
BCN |
1997 |
|
Member |
Bumjun Kim |
Slip and Fall Prevention in Construction |
BCN |
1998 |
|
Member |
Thomas
Matzke |
Design Build - The Role of the Architect |
BCN |
1997 |
|
Member |
Christopher
Shepherd |
Florida Construction Industry’s Involvement in
Deterring Workers’ Compensation Fraud |
BCN |
1998 |
|
Member |
P. Verawetwatana |
Developer’s Role in Real Estate Development |
BCN |
1998 |